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Reference

The UAE finance
glossary.

26 terms that come up in every conversation about UAE corporate tax, VAT, e-invoicing and running a finance function, defined the way we would explain them across a table, not the way legislation does.

EmaraTax

The Federal Tax Authority's online portal where UAE businesses register, file and pay corporate tax and VAT. Your business keeps its own credentials; anyone filing for you should be working inside your account, not theirs.

Corporate tax

The UAE federal tax on business profits: 0% on taxable income up to AED 375,000 and 9% above it, in force for financial years starting on or after 1 June 2023.

Qualifying Free Zone Person

A free zone company that meets the conditions for keeping the 0% corporate tax rate on qualifying income: adequate substance, qualifying income, transfer pricing compliance, audited accounts. Fail a condition and the whole benefit can fall away for five years.

Qualifying income

The categories of free zone income that can enjoy the 0% rate, broadly income from other free zone persons and from qualifying activities. Revenue from mainland UAE customers is the classic way companies quietly disqualify themselves.

De minimis threshold

The tolerance for non qualifying revenue a free zone company may earn without losing 0% status: the lower of AED 5 million or 5% of total revenue.

Small Business Relief

An election letting UAE businesses with revenue up to AED 3 million be treated as having no taxable income for the period. Elected inside each return. Extended by Ministerial Decision 131 of 2026 to tax periods ending on or before 31 December 2029. Not available to Qualifying Free Zone Persons.

VAT

The UAE's 5% value added tax. Registration is mandatory once taxable supplies pass AED 375,000 on a rolling 12 month basis, voluntary from AED 187,500.

Tax period

The monthly or quarterly window the FTA assigns for your VAT returns. Returns and payment are due 28 days after each period ends.

E-invoicing

The UAE mandate replacing PDF and email invoices with structured data exchanged through accredited providers under the Peppol five corner model. Rollout runs in waves from 2027.

PINT AE

The UAE specific Peppol invoice format every e-invoice must conform to. Required fields include the buyer's TRN, an emirate code and an AED amount on every line regardless of invoice currency.

ASP (Accredited Service Provider)

The FTA accredited intermediary that validates and transmits your e-invoices. Appointing one is cheap and quick; making your data clean enough to survive validation is the real project.

Peppol five corner model

The e-invoicing architecture where supplier, supplier's provider, buyer's provider, buyer and the tax authority each see the invoice. Nothing arrives by email; everything is validated in transit.

TRN

Tax Registration Number: the identifier the FTA issues on registration. E-invoicing turns a missing or wrong customer TRN into a hard validation failure rather than a cosmetic one.

Transfer pricing

The rules requiring related party transactions to be priced as if between independents, with disclosure alongside the corporate tax return and documentation above thresholds. It applies to free zone groups more often than they expect.

Audit readiness

Having reconciliations, schedules and support prepared before the external auditors arrive, so the audit is a review rather than an excavation. Distinct from the audit itself, which only a licensed audit firm may perform.

Month end close

The process of finalising a month's books: reconciling accounts, posting accruals, producing statements. A disciplined close finishes in days; an undisciplined one quietly costs a week of every month.

Bank reconciliation

Matching the bank statement to the books, line by line. The single fastest way to find missing revenue, duplicate payments and quiet fraud, and a prime candidate for automation.

Management accounts

Monthly statements produced for decision makers rather than regulators: P&L, balance sheet, cash, and the handful of numbers that actually drive the business.

Board pack

The monthly or quarterly bundle a leadership team reads before deciding anything: performance against budget, cash runway, risks. Good ones are short. Bad ones are forty pages nobody opens.

Fractional CFO

Senior finance leadership bought by the day rather than the year: forecasting, pricing, banking relationships, board work, without the AED 60k a month hire.

FP&A

Financial planning and analysis: budgets, rolling forecasts and the why behind the numbers, as opposed to accounting's record of what already happened.

13 week cash flow

A rolling weekly cash forecast covering one quarter: long enough to see a crunch coming, short enough to stay accurate. The standard tool for cash tight or fast growing companies.

Working capital

The cash trapped between paying suppliers and being paid by customers. Most profitable but broke stories are working capital stories.

ERP

Enterprise resource planning software (Zoho, Odoo, SAP, Oracle and kin) tying finance to operations. The acronym matters less than whether the modules talk to each other without a human retyping numbers.

API integration

Software talking to software directly, replacing the export, edit, import loop. If a person moves data between two systems on a schedule, that loop is a candidate.

Reporting pipeline

The automated path from source systems to finished report, with validation on the way. The difference between a live dashboard and a spreadsheet someone refreshes on Fridays.

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